发布时间: 2019-07-28 09:55:27
修改时间: 2019-07-28 09:55:27
阅读量: 2076
作者: 骆驼
本文根据福建教师招考中考试大纲对中学英语的要求,梳理了非谓语动词,方便同学们更加顺利地开展学习。
一、概念
动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。
二、动词形式
1.不定式 to do (具有名词、副词和形容词的作用,可在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、补足语和状语)。
2.现在分词doing,具有副词和形容词的作用,可在句中作定语、表语、状语和补足语。
3.过去分词done,具有副词和形容词的作用,可在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。
4.动名词doing,具有名词的作用,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
三、非谓语动词的用法
(一)不定式的用法
1.作主语
例如:To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well.
[说明]动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的句型: (1)It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 当形容词表示事物的特征,特点或客观形式,常见的形容词有easy, hard, interesting
Eg:It is hard for him to study two languages.
(2)It is + adj + of sb to do sth 形容词表示性格,品德或表示主观感情good nice kind clever
Eg:It is very nice of you to help me.
2.作表语
My wish is to become a teacher. be动词之后,形成表语,常用来表示预定要发生的动作,也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设。
3.作宾语
(1)只可用不定式作宾语的动词 ask/hope/help/promise/learn
Eg:Do you hope to go fishing with me?
(2)既可接不定式也可以接动名词 remember/forget/like/need/stop/try/start/begin/permit/love/ go on/
Eg:I stop to run. 我停下来开始跑
I stop running. 我停下来不跑了。
(3)作形式宾语
Do you think it better to say it in this way?
4.作宾语补足语
(1)不定式作宾补 ask/teach/allow/invite/tell/want/prefer/order/get/feel/hear/think/see/expect/encourage
Eg:The teacher told him not to be late next time.
(2)使役动词省略to let/make/have
Eg:She had the students work out the problem.
(3) Could you help me (to) close the window?
5.作定语
I have a lot of work to do. 表示未发生的动作
Can you bring me a chair to sit?
He needs someone to help him with his work.
(二)分词的用法
1.现在分词的用法
(1)用作谓语的一部分,和助动词一起构成进行时态 What are you doing now? (2)作定语
所修饰名词正在进行的动作:The boy standing here is one of my classmates. 所修饰名词的特征和性质:Do no read in a moving car.
(3)作表语,表示主语的特征和性质 The story is interesting.
(4)作宾语补足语(see/watch/notice/hear/find/get/keep 等)
eg:We heard her singing in her room.
2.过去分词的用法
过去分词一般表示完成的或者被动的动作
(1)用作谓语的一部分,和助动词一起构成完成时态或者被动语态
We have been friends for many years.
His leg was broken in an accident.
(2)作定语
There is a broken cup on the table.
This is one of the factories built in the 1960s.
过去分词作定语时放在名词前,过去分词短语作定语时放在名词后面
(3)作表语
The cup is broken.
(4)作宾语补足语
I must have my bike repaired.
(三)动名词的用法
1.在下面两种句型中,只能用动名词
There + be + no + 动名词
There is no getting along with him. It is +no use/good/ fun/nice + 动名词
It is no use learning English without speaking.
2.只可以接动名词的动词或者动词短语
Dislike/admit/enjoy/deny/mind/miss/risk/finish/avoid/consider/excuse/suggest/practice/be worth/keep on/can not/help/give up/put off/leave off/lead to
以上就是福建教师招考对非谓语动词的整理,希望可以对大家有帮助。
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